Report on Railway Safety and Interoperability in the EU 2024

Scope

ERA's statutory biennial report (2024 edition) assessing progress on railway safety and interoperability across the Single European Railway Area, covering safety performance statistics, vehicle authorisations, safety certification and ERTMS deployment. It serves NSAs, railway undertakings, infrastructure managers and policymakers as the reference overview of EU rail system performance for the 2022-2023 period; the 2026 edition, published 30 June 2026, is its successor.

ERA's statutory biennial report, in its 2024 edition, is the European Union Agency for Railways' periodic assessment of progress on railway safety and interoperability across the Single European Railway Area, prepared under the Agency's founding regulation. It compiles safety performance statistics, data on vehicle authorisations processed under the Fourth Railway Package's single authorisation regime, safety certification activity, and progress on ERTMS deployment across the EU network, giving a system-wide view that no single Member State's own reporting can provide. National safety authorities, railway undertakings, infrastructure managers and EU policymakers use it as the reference overview of how the EU rail system's safety and interoperability performance is evolving. The 2024 edition covers the 2022-2023 reporting period, consistent with the biennial reporting cycle the Agency follows. It has since been superseded by the 2026 edition, published 30 June 2026, which continues the same biennial series.